Building an SAP Query using ABAP Code

There are 4 different ways to write SAP queries – depending on the approach of data retrieval strategy:

1. Using table join
2. Directly reading from tables
3. Using logical databases (LDB) e.g. PNP
4. Using some programs

Here in this document, we’ll demonstrate building SAP query using 2^nd method (Direct read of table).

1. Create InfoSet by using t-code SQ02:

2. Press ‘Create’ button.

Press enter.

Press enter.

3. Press ‘Code’.

3. Select the ‘DATA’ coding section.

4. Write the following code in this section.

   TYPE-POOLS: slis.

   TABLES: scarr.

* Type for taking data from tables SFLIGHT and SCARR
  TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_flight,
           carrid   TYPE s_carr_id,
           connid   TYPE s_conn_id,
           fldate   TYPE s_date,
           seatsmax TYPE s_seatsmax,
           seatsocc TYPE s_seatsocc,
           carrname TYPE s_carrname,
           currcode TYPE s_currcode,
        END OF ty_flight.

* Internal table and work area declaration
  DATA: wa_flight TYPE ty_flight,
        i_flight  TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_flight INITIAL SIZE 0,
        i_fldcat  TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
        wa_fldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.

5. Now go to START-OF-SELECTION section

And write the following code in START-OF-SELECTION section to display a few field data in ALV grid display report format.

* Retrieve data from tables SFLIGHT and SCARR
  SELECT m1~carrid
         m1~connid
         m1~fldate
         m1~seatsmax
         m1~seatsocc
         m2~carrname
         m2~currcode
 INTO TABLE i_flight
 FROM sflight AS m1 INNER JOIN scarr AS m2
 ON m1~carrid = m2~carrid.

  CLEAR: wa_flight.

* Populate the field catalogs
 wa_fldcat-col_pos = 1.
 wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CARRID'.
 wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Airline carrier ID'.
 APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
 CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 2.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CONNID'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Flight connection Id'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 3.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'FLDATE'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Flight date'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 4.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'SEATSMAX'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Maximum capacity'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 5.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'SEATSOCC'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Occupied seats'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 6.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CARRNAME'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Airline name'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

wa_fldcat-col_pos = 7.
wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CURRCODE'.
wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Local currency of airline'.
APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat.
CLEAR: wa_fldcat.

* ALV grid display report
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
         it_fieldcat   = i_fldcat
    TABLES
         t_outtab      = i_flight
    EXCEPTIONS
         program_error = 1
         OTHERS        = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
         WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.

6. Generate the InfoSet.

7. Now create a user group.

8. Now assign the user group ZUGRP_BEJ to the InfoSet ZINFOSET_BEJ. I’ve assigned two users in my user group.

Save it.

9. Now create the query.

10. Now execute the query from SQ01.

The following selection screen will appear where we need to put the flight date.

Enter the flight date as 11.06.2008 and execute the query; we’ll get the following ALV grid display report.

ENDIF.

EXIT.